{"id":6153,"date":"2026-08-26T04:29:14","date_gmt":"2026-08-26T01:29:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/?p=6153"},"modified":"2026-08-26T04:29:14","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T01:29:14","slug":"caykarali-hemsehrimiz-prof-dr-necati-agiralioglunun-kaleme-aldigi-turkiyede-denizler-ve-denizcilik-adli-makaleyi-siz-degerli-okurlarimizla-paylasiyoruz-1-girisyer-yuzeyinin-yuz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/?p=6153","title":{"rendered":"

\u00c7aykaral\u0131 hem\u015fehrimiz Prof. Dr. Necati A\u011f\u0131ralio\u011flu’nun kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cT\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE DEN\u0130ZLER VE DEN\u0130ZC\u0130L\u0130K” adl\u0131 makaleyi siz de\u011ferli okurlar\u0131m\u0131zla payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>

1. G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/p>

Yer y\u00fczeyinin y\u00fczde 70\u2019i denizlerle (tuzlu su), y"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\u00c7aykaral\u0131 hem\u015fehrimiz Prof. Dr. Necati A\u011f\u0131ralio\u011flu’nun kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cT\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE DEN\u0130ZLER VE DEN\u0130ZC\u0130L\u0130K” adl\u0131 makaleyi siz de\u011ferli okurlar\u0131m\u0131zla payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

1. G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yer y\u00fczeyinin y\u00fczde 70\u2019i denizlerle (tuzlu su), y\u00fczde 30\u2019u karalarla kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Su kaynaklar\u0131 tuzlu sular ve tatl\u0131 sular \u015feklinde iki gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki toplam sular\u0131n y\u00fczde 96,5 tuzlu su olarak denizlerdedir. Geri kalan y\u00fczde 3,5\u2019u k\u00e2inattaki b\u00fct\u00fcn tatl\u0131 sular\u0131d\u0131r. Tuzlu sular, yani denizler k\u00e2inatta \u00f6nemli bir yer tutar.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye denizlerle birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 Anadolu ve Rumeli adl\u0131 iki yar\u0131madadan meydana gelmi\u015ftir. D\u00f6rt denizimiz; Karadeniz, Marmara Denizi, Ege Denizi (Adalar Denizi) ve Akdeniz\u2019dir. Son 20 y\u0131ldan beri denizlerimiz \u201cMavi Vatan\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, denizlerimiz ve denizcili\u011fimiz \u00fczerinde durulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2. DEN\u0130ZLER\u0130N FAYDALARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Denizler veya okyanuslar, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli deniz canl\u0131lar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapar. \u0130klimimizi d\u00fczenlemede ve oksijen \u00fcretiminde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar. Ayr\u0131ca bize yiyecek, i\u015f ve e\u011flenme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 gibi nimetler sa\u011flar. Denizlerin faydalar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Denizler ekosistemin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Gezegenimizdeki b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar i\u00e7in denizler hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n

2. Denizler t\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin evidir; i\u00e7lerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli canl\u0131lar ya\u015far.<\/p>\n

3. Denizler hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.\u00a0<\/p>\n

4. Denizler hava ve su d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenler. Denizler, d\u00fcnyadaki su d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc ve iklimin \u00f6nemli bir unsurudur. G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 99,96\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 denizler i\u00e7ine \u00e7eker. Ayr\u0131ca atmosferden y\u00fczde 30 karbon dioksiti i\u00e7ine \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n

5. Denizler bizi f\u0131rt\u0131nalardan korur. B\u00fcy\u00fck su k\u00fctlesi r\u00fczg\u00e2rdan gelen enerjiyi i\u00e7ine \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n

6. Denizler ozon tabakam\u0131z\u0131 tutar. Atmosferdeki ozonun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 80\u2019ini denizler i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekerek ozon miktar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r..<\/p>\n

7. Denizler bize oksijen sa\u011flar. D\u00fcnyadaki oksijenin y\u00fczde 50\u2019sini denizler sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

8. Denizler bize g\u0131da sa\u011flar. D\u00fcnyada t\u00fcketilen hayvani g\u0131dalar\u0131n y\u00fczde 16\u2019s\u0131 denizlerden sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

9. Denizlerin alt\u0131nda maden, petrol gibi do\u011fal kaynaklar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

10. Denizler bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, gemicilik ve gemi sanayi gibi i\u015f imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 temin eder.<\/p>\n

11. Denizler bize ila\u00e7 sa\u011flar. Pek \u00e7ok ila\u00e7 denizlerden sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

12. Denizler bir ula\u015f\u0131m yoludur.. Denizler etkili ve ucuz bir \u015fekilde y\u00fck ve insan ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

13. Denizler ticareti destekler. Bug\u00fcn Avrupa\u2019daki y\u00fcklerin y\u00fczde 70\u2019i, d\u00fcnyadaki y\u00fcklerin y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131 gemilerle ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

14. Denizler dinlenme ve e\u011flenme mek\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bal\u0131k avlama, bot yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131, y\u00fczme, s\u00f6rf yapma gibi su sporlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerdir denizler.<\/p>\n

15. Denizler; dalga, gel-git, r\u00fczg\u00e2r ve g\u00fcne\u015f gibi yenilenebilir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

16. Denizler refah\u0131 ve mutlulu\u011fu art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a03. DEN\u0130ZLER\u0130N TEHL\u0130KE VE ZARARLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Denizlerin bunca faydas\u0131na ra\u011fmen baz\u0131 zarar ve tehlikeleri de vard\u0131r. \u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta bunlar s\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131n etkisiyle okyanus ve denizlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck dalgalar meydana gelebilir. Bunun sonucunda deniz ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve k\u0131y\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131 zarar g\u00f6rebilir, k\u0131y\u0131 arazileri a\u015f\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    G\u00f6kteki ay\u0131n etkisiyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n baz\u0131 yerlerinde 15 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ge\u00e7en gel-git olaylar\u0131 12 saatte bir meydana gelir. Bunlar deniz sular\u0131n\u0131n kara i\u00e7lerine girmesine sebep olabilir. Ayr\u0131ca bunlar baz\u0131 su canl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve kar canl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6lmesine sebep olabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \u00a0Depremlerden meydana gelen deprem dalgalar\u0131 kara i\u00e7lerine kadar deniz sular\u0131n\u0131n girmesine ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olabilir. Bunun sonucunda tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131, insanlar, su canl\u0131lar\u0131 ve kara canl\u0131lar\u0131 zarar g\u00f6rebilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Dalga ve ak\u0131nt\u0131larda insanlar denizde bo\u011fulabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    Denizler \u00e7e\u015fitli insan faaliyetleri ile kirlenebilir. Kirli denizler \u00e7evre ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tehlikeli ve zararl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bu liste uzat\u0131labilir. \u0130nsanlar ve devletler denizlerden faydalanmak ve zararlar\u0131ndan korunmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli tedbirler al\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

    4. DEN\u0130ZC\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130M\u0130Z\u0130N KISA TAR\u0130H\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

    D\u00fcnyada ilk denizcili\u011fin M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Nil Nehrinde teknelerle M\u00d6 4000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Tarih\u00e7iler ve kutsal kitaplar, Hz. Nuh\u2019un yakla\u015f\u0131k M\u00d6 4000-3000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda bir gemi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve geminin r\u00fczg\u00e2r g\u00fcc\u00fc ile hareket ettirildi\u011fini yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u0130slam ordular\u0131, Suriye Valisi Hz. Muaviye komutas\u0131nda \u0130slam tarihindeki ilk deniz seferlerinden birini 648 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Bu sefere kat\u0131lan sahabe ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Hz. Muhammed’in s\u00fct teyzesi olan \u00dcmm\u00fc Haram (Hala Sultan) Ada\u2019da \u015fehit olmu\u015ftur. Hala Sultan\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcrbesi ve k\u00fclliyesi Larnaka\u2019dad\u0131r. 964 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar, yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 y\u0131l,\u00a0 K\u0131br\u0131s M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n idaresinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n

    1081 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7aka Bey taraf\u0131ndan \u0130zmir\u2019de, 33 gemi ile kurulan donanma T\u00fcrk tarihindeki ilk d\u00fczenli deniz filosudur.<\/p>\n

    1426 y\u0131l\u0131nda, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli\u00a0Memluk Devleti, K\u0131br\u0131s Adas\u0131\u2019na h\u00e2kim olmu\u015ftur. Memlukler, 1517 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar adada uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 naiblik sistemiyle h\u00e2kimiyetlerini devam ettirmi\u015flerdir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k\u00a0doksan y\u0131l devam eden bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 adadaki ilk T\u00fcrk h\u00e2kimiyeti olarak bilinmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    1453\u2019te Fatih Sultan Mehmet gemileri karadan y\u00fcr\u00fcterek \u0130stanbul\u2019u fethetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    1475\u2019te K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n fethi ile Karadeniz bir T\u00fcrk g\u00f6l\u00fc haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    1515\u2019te, Amiral Piri Reis D\u00fcnya Haritas\u0131 ve Akdeniz\u2019i anlatan Kitab-\u0131 Bahriye adl\u0131 denizcilik kitab\u0131 ile d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00fcn kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    1534-1546 aras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Kaptan-\u0131 Deryas\u0131 olan Barbaros Hayrettin Pa\u015fa g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc donanmas\u0131 ile Akdeniz\u2019de h\u00e2kimiyet sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    1570 Temmuzunda, Lala Mustafa Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 ve kara ordusu K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve 1 A\u011fustos 1571’de Venedik’in kaleyi teslim etmesiyle Ada\u2019n\u0131n fethi tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n

    16. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun en i\u015flek limanlar\u0131; 1. \u0130stanbul (Galata ve Emin\u00f6n\u00fc), 2. \u0130skenderiye, 3. \u0130skenderun, 4. Trablus\u015fam (L\u00fcbnan), 5. Selanik, 6.Trabzon ve 7. Kefe (K\u0131r\u0131m) idi.<\/p>\n

    1770\u2019de \u00c7e\u015fme\u2019de, Osmanl\u0131 Donanmas\u0131 ile Rus donanmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 yak\u0131larak tamamen yok edilmi\u015ftir. Bu yenilginin iki d\u00f6nemli sebebi, Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun top menzillerinin Rusya\u2019n\u0131nkilerden k\u0131sa olmas\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131ndaki gemilerinin ah\u015faptan, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n gemilerinin demirden imal edilmesidir. Bunun \u00fczerine, Osmanl\u0131 devleti, bu teknolojik zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gidermek i\u00e7in 1773\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019da Devlet Deniz M\u00fchendisli\u011fi Okulunu (M\u00fchendishane-i Bahr-i H\u00fcmayun) kurmu\u015ftur. \u00c7e\u015fme Deniz Facias\u0131 olarak bilinen bu olay,\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin yenilgilerinin ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015f ve T\u00fcrk\u0131 tarihinde bir k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    1914\u2019te I. D\u00fcnya Harbinde, Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 hi\u00e7 etkili olamam\u0131\u015f, sadece Alman yap\u0131m\u0131 Yavuz ve Midilli gemileri Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 ad\u0131na \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalara kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n

    1915 \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015flar\u0131nda, donanmam\u0131z yok gibidir. T\u00fcrk deniz birlikleri, 1915\u2019te, \u00c7anakkale cephesinde may\u0131nlama faaliyetleri ile m\u00fcttefik donanmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131ndan ge\u00e7i\u015fini zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    1974\u2019te K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk deniz kuvvetleri,\u00a0 \u00e7\u0131karma birliklerinin Adaya g\u00fcvenli ula\u015fmas\u0131nda ve ula\u015ft\u0131rma hatlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    5. BUG\u00dcNK\u00dc DURUM, 2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

    5.1 KIYILAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u015eekil 1\u2019de, bir k\u0131y\u0131 \u00fclkesi i\u00e7in k\u0131y\u0131 terimleri g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u015fekilde, Karasular\u0131, Biti\u015fik B\u00f6lge ve M\u00fcnhas\u0131r Ekonomik B\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 karadan itibaren deniz mili (DM) cinsinden verilmi\u015ftir. K\u0131y\u0131dar \u00fclkenin tasarrufunda bulunan \u201cM\u00fcnhas\u0131r Ekonomik B\u00f6lge\u201d s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, karadan itibaren denize do\u011fru 200 deniz milidir. Bir deniz mili 1,852 metredir.<\/p>\n

    1982 tarihli Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Deniz Hukuku S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi uyar\u0131nca; K\u0131y\u0131 devletin kapal\u0131 veya yar\u0131-kapal\u0131 deniz stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde olmayan denizlerinde, kara sular\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hattan itibaren; 200 deniz millik -yakla\u015f\u0131k (370,4 km)- alanda k\u0131y\u0131 devletinin sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme Ege denizinde ve Akdeniz\u2019de Yunanistan adalar\u0131na k\u0131ta karas\u0131 gibi hak tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    \"A\u00e7\u0131klama:<\/p>\n

    \u015eekil 1. Bir k\u0131y\u0131 \u00fclkesi i\u00e7in denizde k\u0131y\u0131 terimleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00dclkeler, k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla hi\u00e7 bir kara \u00fclkesi s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcmr\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne girmeden deniz vas\u0131talar\u0131yla ba\u015fka bir k\u0131y\u0131 \u00fclkesine do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131 kurabilmektedir. \u00dclkelerin k\u0131y\u0131 uzunluklar\u0131 denizcilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir kaynakt\u0131r. \u00dclkelerin k\u0131y\u0131 uzunluklar\u0131, arazi alanlar\u0131 ve n\u00fcfuslar\u0131yla birlikte Tablo 1\u2019de verilmi\u015ftir. Kanada, d\u00fcnyada en uzun deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na sahip \u00fclkedir. T\u00fcrkiye 8333 kilometre k\u0131y\u0131 uzunlu\u011fu ile d\u00fcnyada 15. s\u0131radad\u0131r. 1 Temmuz 2026 tarihine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin n\u00fcfusu 86.320.602\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

    Tablo 1. \u00dclkelerin k\u0131y\u0131 uzunluklar\u0131 ve kara alanlar\u0131<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    S\u0131ra No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Konum<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    K\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridi<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Arazi\u00a0alan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    N\u00fcfus 2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a0<\/td>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

    (km)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    (\u00a0km\u00b2\u00a0)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    (ki\u015fi)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a0<\/td>\n\n

    \u00a0D\u00fcnya<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    356.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    148.940.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    8.311.681.100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Kanada<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    202.080<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    9.093.507<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    40.467.728<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Norve\u00e7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    83.281<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    304.282<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    5.652.989<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Endonezya<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    54.716<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    1.811.569<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    287.886.782<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Gr\u00f6nland\u00a0(Danimarka)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    44.087<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    2.166.086<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    55.629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Rusya<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    37.653<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    16.377.742<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    143.394.458<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Filipinler<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    36.289<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    298.170<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    117.724.471<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Japonya<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    29.751<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    364.485<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    122.427.731<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Avustralya<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    25.760<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    7.682.300<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    27.227.096<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    19.924<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    9.147.593<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    349.035.494<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Yeni Zelanda<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    15.134<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    264.537<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    5.287.479<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0\u00c7in<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    14.500<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    9.326.410<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    1.412.914.089<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Yunanistan<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    13.676<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    130.647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    9.897.115<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    12.429<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    241.930<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    69.931.528<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    14<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Meksika<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    9.330<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    1.943.945<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    132.997.658<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    15<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0T\u00fcrkiye<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    8.333<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    783.567<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    86.320.602<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0\u0130talya<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    7.600<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    294.140<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    58.926.166<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Danimarka<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    7.314<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    42.434<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    6.023.520<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    18<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Hindistan<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    11.098<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    3.287.263<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    1.476.625.576<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    19<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Brezilya<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    7.491<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    8.358.140<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    213.562.666<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

    5.2 DEN\u0130ZLER<\/strong><\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin deniz ve kara alanlar\u0131 haritas\u0131 \u015eekil 2\u2019de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kara y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 783.562 kilometrekare, denizlerimizin toplam alan\u0131 ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 462.000 kilometrekaredir. Deniz alan\u0131m\u0131z, kara alan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \"A\u00e7\u0131klama:<\/p>\n

    \u015eekil 2.\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin deniz ve kara alanlar\u0131 haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

    5.3 GEM\u0130 T\u0130CARET F\u0130LOSU<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Tablo 2, 1 Ocak 2025 tarihi itibar\u0131yla ger\u00e7ek bayra\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re gemi ticaret filosu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en iyi 20 \u00fclkeyi, DWT (Deadweight Tonnage, \u00d6l\u00fc A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k Tonaj\u0131, toplam a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k, milyon cinsinden) ve y\u00fczde pay\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gemi ticaret filosu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Yunanistan d\u00fcnyada 1. \u00dclkedir. T\u00fcrkiye 50,2 milyon DWT ve y\u00fczde 2,1 payla d\u00fcnyada 13. S\u0131rad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Tablo 2.\u00a0 1 Ocak 2025 tarihi itibar\u0131yla \u00fclkelerin gemi ticaret filolar\u0131 s\u0131ralamas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

    S\u0131ra\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00dclke\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 milyon DWT \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 y\u00fczde pay\u0131\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yunanistan\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 396.4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 16.4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c7in\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 347.2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 14.4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Japonya\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 240.7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 9.9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Singapur\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 153.4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6.3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hong Kong \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 139.5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5.8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kore Cumhuriyeti\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 98.5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4.1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Almanya\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 71.5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3.0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tayvan\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 63.9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2.6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. Arap Emirlikleri\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 57.4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2.4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    10\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 57.0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2.4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    11\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bermuda\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 53.7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2.2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    12\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Norve\u00e7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 52.2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2.2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    13\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 50.2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2.1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    14\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130svi\u00e7re\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 47.2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2.0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    15\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ABD\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 45.8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1.9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    16\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Danimarka\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 42.3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1.7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    17\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hindistan\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 37.1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1.5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    18\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Endonezya\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 33.3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1.4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    19\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Monako\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 31.5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1.3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    20\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 G\u00fcney K\u0131br\u0131s\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 29.9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1.2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    5.4 DEN\u0130Z KUVVETLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Uluslararas\u0131 savunma veri analiz merkezlerinden World Directory of Modern Military Warships (WDMMW) taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanan 2026 Y\u0131l\u0131 En G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Deniz Kuvvetleri listesinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ilk 10 \u00fclke Tablo 3\u2019te verilmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc deniz kuvvetleri s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda zirvede Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri (ABD) yer almaktad\u0131r. ABD Donanmas\u0131 \u00f6zellikle n\u00fckleer u\u00e7ak gemisi filolar\u0131 ve toplam tonaj kapasitesiyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. ABD’yi s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u00c7in ve Rusya takip etmektedir.\u00a0<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrk Deniz Kuvvetleri, yerli ve milli imk\u00e2nlarla \u00fcretilen firkateyn, korvet ve insans\u0131z deniz ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki teknolojik hamleleriyle d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir y\u00fckseli\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve 2026\u2019da ilk 10 i\u00e7erisine girmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca f\u0131rkateyn (orta b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte sava\u015f gemisi) filosu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde d\u00fcnya genelinde ilk 5 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Tablo 3. \u00dclkelerin Deniz Kuvvetleri S\u0131ralamas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri (ABD)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      \u00c7in<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      Rusya<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    4. \n

      Endonezya<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    5. \n

      G\u00fcney Kore<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    6. \n

      Japonya<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    7. \n

      Hindistan<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    8. \n

      Fransa<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    9. \n

      Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k (\u0130ngiltere)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    10. \n

      T\u00fcrkiye\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      5.5 L\u0130MANLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

      2023 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk 10 en b\u00fcy\u00fck liman\u0131 ve \u00fclkesi Tablo 4\u2019de verilmi\u015ftir. Birinci s\u0131rada \u015eanghay Liman\u0131 olup yakla\u015f\u0131k konteyner kapasitesi 49 milyon TEU\u2019dur. Bu liman\u0131n bir resmi \u015eekil-3\u2019te verilmi\u015ftir. 1 TEU,\u00a020 fit (yakla\u015f\u0131k 6,1 metre) uzunlu\u011fundaki standart bir y\u00fck konteynerinin hacmini ifade eder. Listedeki 10 b\u00fcy\u00fck liman\u0131n 6 tanesi \u00c7in\u2019dedir. D\u00fcnyadaki 10 b\u00fcy\u00fck liman i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den bir liman bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Tablo 4. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ilk 10 liman\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \n

      S\u0131ra\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Liman ad\u0131 (\u00fclke)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Y\u0131ll\u0131k Konteyner Aktarma Kapasitesi, milyon TEU<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u015eanghay Liman\u0131 (\u00c7in)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Singapur Liman\u0131 (Singapur<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Ningbo-Zhoushan Liman\u0131 (\u00c7in)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      38<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Shenzhen Liman\u0131 (\u00c7in)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Qingdao Liman\u0131 (\u00c7in)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Guangzhou Liman\u0131 (\u00c7in)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Busan Liman\u0131 (G\u00fcney Kore)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Tianjin Liman\u0131 (\u00c7in)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Hong Kong Liman\u0131 (Hong Kong)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      19<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Rotterdam Liman\u0131 (Hollanda)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

      <\/p>\n

      \u015eekil-3 \u015eanghay Liman\u0131 (\u00c7in) resmi<\/strong><\/p>\n

      2024 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunan toplam 57 limandan en \u00e7ok y\u00fck aktar\u0131lan liman 169.037.809 \u00a0\u201cgros ton\u201d ile Kocaeli liman\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. bir y\u0131lda 20 milyon gros tondan fazla y\u00fck aktaran 11 liman Alia\u011fa, ambarl\u0131, Ceyhan, \u00a0Gemlik, \u00a0\u0130skenderun, \u00a0\u0130stanbul, \u00a0\u0130zmir, \u00a0Kocaeli, Ku\u015fadas\u0131, mersin ve Tekirda\u011f limanlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/h2>\n

      konteyner limanlar\u0131:\u00a02024 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye liman ve iskelelerinde, elle\u00e7lenen (aktar\u0131lan) \u00a0konteyner miktar\u0131 13.529.729 teu olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 konteyner elle\u00e7lemesinin;\u00a0 \u00a0y\u00fczde 36,9\u2019u (4.987.903 teu) ihracat,\u00a0 y\u00fczde 36\u2019s\u0131 (4.875.265 teu) ithalat,\u00a0 y\u00fczde6,7\u2019si (903.194 teu) kabotaj ve y\u00fczde 20,4\u2019\u00fc (2.763.368 teu) transit olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re limanlar\u0131m\u0131zda elle\u00e7lenen konteyner miktar\u0131 y\u00fczde7,8 (973.328 teu) artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/h2>\n

      bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 bar\u0131na\u011f\u0131: \u00a0T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda 178 adet bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 bar\u0131na\u011f\u0131 varken bu say\u0131 2025\u2019te, 385\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/h2>\n

      yat liman\u0131: d\u00fcnya genelinde 25.000 adet yat liman\u0131 mevcut olup, sadece Avrupa genelinde 10.000 adet yat liman\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n 7.500 km uzunlu\u011fundaki k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda 537, \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n 4.964 km uzunlu\u011fundaki k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda 467, H\u0131rvatistan\u2019\u0131n 5.835 km uzunlu\u011fundaki k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda 85 adet yat liman\u0131 varken, 8.333 kilometrelik T\u00fcrkiye k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ise 87 adet yat ba\u011flama yeri bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

      kruvaz\u00f6r limanlar\u0131:\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda mevcutta 26 adet kruvaz\u00f6r gemilerinin yana\u015fabilece\u011fi liman bulunmaktad\u0131r. kruvaz\u00f6r limanlar\u0131m\u0131z ve kruvaz\u00f6r gemi yana\u015fma yerleri:\u00a0 galataport-kruvaz\u00f6r liman\u0131 (\u0130stanbul), Haydarpa\u015fa liman\u0131 (\u0130stanbul), Sarayburnu r\u0131ht\u0131m\u0131 (\u0130stanbul), Mudanya liman\u0131 (bursa), kepez liman\u0131 (\u00c7anakkale),\u00a0 Bozcaada kruvaz\u00f6r liman\u0131 (\u00c7anakkale),\u00a0 dikili liman\u0131 (\u00c7anakkale),\u00a0 \u0130zmir liman\u0131 (\u0130zmir), \u00e7e\u015fme liman\u0131 (\u0130zmir),\u00a0 Ku\u015fadas\u0131 kruvaz\u00f6r liman\u0131 (ayd\u0131n), g\u00fcll\u00fck liman\u0131 (Mu\u011fla), bodrum kruvaz\u00f6r liman\u0131, (Mu\u011fla), Dat\u00e7a liman\u0131 (Mu\u011fla), Marmaris kruvaz\u00f6r liman\u0131 (Mu\u011fla), Fethiye liman\u0131 (Mu\u011fla) G\u00f6cek liman\u0131 (Mu\u011fla), Antalya liman\u0131, ka\u015f liman\u0131 (Antalya), Finike liman\u0131 (Antalya), Alanya kruvaz\u00f6r liman\u0131 (Antalya), Ta\u015fucu liman\u0131 (mersin), mersin yolcu liman\u0131 (mersin) \u0130skenderun liman\u0131 (Hatay), Amasra liman\u0131 (Bart\u0131n), Trabzon liman\u0131 (Trabzon), Sinop liman\u0131 (Sinop),\u00a0 samsun liman\u0131 (samsun), \u00dcnye liman\u0131 (ordu), Fatsa liman\u0131 (ordu).<\/span><\/h2>\n

      5.5 DEN\u0130Z YOLU ULA\u015eIMI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ilk olarak eski D\u00fcnya karalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki denizlerde ba\u015flad\u0131. Ba\u015fta Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki liman \u015fehirleri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131. Pusulan\u0131n icad\u0131, gemi yap\u0131m tekni\u011finin ilerlemesi ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki buharl\u0131 gemiler sayesinde deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok geli\u015fti.. Deniz yollar\u0131, tek seferde en fazla y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yabilen, altyap\u0131 masraflar az olan \u201cen ucuz mal ta\u015f\u0131yan ula\u015f\u0131m sistemi\u201d \u00f6zelli\u011findedir. Bunun i\u00e7in en fazla y\u00fck k\u0131talar aras\u0131nda deniz yollar\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. D\u00fcnya deniz yollar\u0131 ticaret yo\u011funlu\u011fu Haritas\u0131 \u015eekil 4\u2019te verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      \u015eekil-4. D\u00fcnya Deniz Yollar\u0131 Ticaret Yo\u011funlu\u011fu Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

      D\u00fcnyada Deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda geli\u015fmeler:<\/strong> \u015eekil 5\u2019te g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, Japonya\u2019dan ba\u015flay\u0131p Bering Bo\u011faz\u0131, Arktik Okyanusu ve Kuzey Kutbundan Rotterdam\u2019a ge\u00e7en bir gemi rotas\u0131, buz k\u0131rma gemilerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi ile g\u00fcneyden ge\u00e7en S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131 rotas\u0131na bir alternatif gemi yolu meydana getirildi. Bu, Arktik Okyanusu’nun do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan bir denizcilik yoludur. 13.000 km uzunlu\u011fundaki bu rota, 21.000 km’lik S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131 yolundan daha k\u0131sad\u0131r. Bu suyolu sayesinde, \u00a0Avrupa ile Asya aras\u0131ndaki deniz yolculu\u011fu s\u00fcresi bir aydan iki haftadan daha k\u0131sa bir zamana inmi\u015f oldu.\u00a0<\/p>\n

      Bir de Gr\u00f6nland gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir toprak par\u00e7as\u0131, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla denizcilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck adas\u0131 olan Gr\u00f6nland adas\u0131nda, Bering Bo\u011faz\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en \u00d6n – T\u00fcrklerin izleri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      \u015eekil-5 Japonya\u2019dan Arktik Okyanusuna ve Rotterdam\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan Gemi Rotas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

      5.6 DEN\u0130Z T\u0130CARET\u0130\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (International Maritime Organization- IMO), 1982 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu adla yeniden te\u015fkilatlanm\u0131\u015f ve merkezi Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler merkezi Londra\/Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k \u2019t\u0131r. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019 in bir \u00fcyesi olan T\u00fcrkiye, IMO\u2019da \u00fcye devlet stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde yer almaktad\u0131r. 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fcresel ticaretin y\u00fczde 88\u2019ini deniz ticareti olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. 2024 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f ticaret ta\u015f\u0131ma miktarlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 86,1 denizyolu, y\u00fczde 12,6 karayolu ve y\u00fczde 1,3 di\u011fer yollarla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.\u00a0T\u00fcrk armat\u00f6rlerinin kontrol etti\u011fi tonaj\u0131n y\u00fczde 89,6’s\u0131, yabanc\u0131 bayrak alt\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      5.7 DEN\u0130Z T\u0130CARET TA\u015eIMACILI\u011eI<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

      Gemiler; kuru y\u00fck, d\u00f6kme y\u00fck, konteyner ve Ro-Ro (Roll-on\/Roll-off; bin ve in) gemileri (TIR gibi tekerlekli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n gemiye bindirilip ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gemi), petrol tankeri ve kimyevi madde tankeri ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131nda grupland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/span><\/h2>\n

      T\u00fcrk Deniz Ticaret Filosunun ithal ve in\u015fa durumlar\u0131 itibariyle say\u0131sal ve tonaj analizinde, toplam 507 adet geminin 298 adedi ithal, 209 adedi ise in\u015fa yoluyla edinilmi\u015ftir. \u0130thal gemilerin DWT\u2019 nu 5 milyon 724 bin, in\u015fa gemilerin ise 1 milyon 333 bindir.<\/span><\/h2>\n

      2025 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk Uluslararas\u0131 Gemi Sicilindeki (TUGS) gemilerde gerileme olmu\u015ftur. Milli Gemi Sicili ile TUGS’ un toplam tonaj\u0131n\u0131n 2023’te 7,18 milyon DT\u2019dan 2025’te 6,20 milyon DWT’ na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bayrak ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in tedbir al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/h2>\n

      5.8 BO\u011eAZLAR VE KANALLAR<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      D\u00fcnyada baz\u0131\u00a0 do\u011fal bo\u011fazlar vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 yerlerde ise gemi ge\u00e7i\u015fleri i\u00e7in insan eliyle kanallar a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada \u00f6nemli bo\u011faz ve kanallar \u015eekil 6\u2019da\u00a0 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. <\/span>Bunlar Panama Kanal\u0131,\u00a0 Macellan Bo\u011faz\u0131, \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131, \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131, Cebelitar\u0131k Bo\u011faz\u0131, Korint Kanal\u0131, Dover Bo\u011faz\u0131, Kiel Kanal\u0131, S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131,\u00a0 Bab\u00fclmendep Bo\u011faz\u0131, H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131, Bering Bo\u011faz\u0131, Malakka Bo\u011faz\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u00fcrk Bo\u011fazlar\u0131ndan, 2025 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul ve \u00c7anakkale bo\u011fazlar\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k 44 bin 468 gemi ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Gemi say\u0131s\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fim s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen son 10 y\u0131lda tonaj esas\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 25 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \"A\u00e7\u0131klama:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u015eekil 6.\u00a0 D\u00fcnyada \u00f6nemli bo\u011faz ve kanallar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      5.9 GEM\u0130 \u0130N\u015eA SANAY\u0130<\/span><\/h2>\n

      Gemicilikteki geli\u015fmeler ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, Kuzey ve G\u00fcney kutuplar\u0131ndaki okyanuslara ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gemi in\u015fa sanayisinde T\u00fcrkiye, otonom, elektrikli ve hibrit (karma) gemilerde \u00f6nemli ba\u015far\u0131lar elde etmi\u015ftir. \u00dcretimin y\u00fczde 45-65’i ye\u015fil gemilerden (\u00e7evreye en az zarar veren gemi) olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen sipari\u015f tonaj\u0131n\u0131n 2023’te 351 bin DWT’dan 2025’te 35 bin DWT’na geriledi\u011fi, sipari\u015flerin y\u00fczde 60’\u0131n\u0131 r\u00f6mork\u00f6rlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve sekt\u00f6rde istihdam\u0131n 94 bin 179 ki\u015fiden 84 bin 248’e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilinmektedir.<\/span><\/h2>\n

      Gemi in\u015fa sanayisinde baz\u0131 geli\u015fmeler olmaktad\u0131r. Mesela, dalgal\u0131 ve r\u00fczg\u00e2rl\u0131 denizlerde daha dengeli ve g\u00fcvenli olan \u00e7ift veya \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6vdeli gemi ve yatlar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00f6vdeli bir yat resmi \u015eekil 7\u2019de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/h2>\n

      \"A\u00e7\u0131klama:<\/span><\/h2>\n

      \u015eekil 7. \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00f6vdeli bir yat resmi<\/span><\/h2>\n

      5.10 KIYI YAPILARI<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

      T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, 2024 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131 itibariyle, faal olarak liman, iskele tesisi, marina\/yat liman\u0131\/yana\u015fma yeri, tersane, tekne imal yeri, \u00e7ekek yeri, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k k\u0131y\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131 ve gemi s\u00f6k\u00fcm tesisi olmak \u00fczere toplam 957 adet k\u0131y\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

      5.11 TERSANELER:<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

      \u201cTersaneler ve K\u0131y\u0131 Yap\u0131lar\u0131 Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d verilerine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2025 y\u0131l\u0131nda 85 tersane bulunmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de mevcut ve planlanan yeni tersane yerleri \u015eekil 8\u2019de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/h2>\n

      \"A\u00e7\u0131klama:<\/span><\/h2>\n

      \u015eekil 8.\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de mevcut ve planlanan gemi tersane yerleri<\/span><\/h2>\n

      5.12. YOLCU TA\u015eIMACILI\u011eI<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

      Kabotaj \u2019da (devletin \u00fclkesinde deniz ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 kendi vatanda\u015f ve gemilerine yapt\u0131rmas\u0131) 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda 119 milyon 512 Bin 485 adet yolcu ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f iken, 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda 117 milyon 832 bin 340 adet yolcu ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Az da olsa ta\u015f\u0131nan yolcu say\u0131s\u0131nda bir d\u00fc\u015fme ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/h2>\n

      \u0130stanbul \u015eehir Hatlar\u0131 Turizm San. ve Tic. A.\u015e.: \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130DO\u2019yu (\u0130stanbul Deniz Otob\u00fcsleri) \u00f6zelle\u015ftirirken bu defa \u0130stanbul \u015eehir Hatlar\u0131 Turizm San. Tic. A.\u015e.\u2019yi kurmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 \u015eehir Hatlar\u0131 A.\u015e. \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131, Adalar ve Hali\u00e7\u2019te toplu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k hizmeti yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k ile ilgili tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 hizmetler de vermekte olup, 27 adet yolcu vapuru bulunmaktad\u0131r. 22 adet hatt\u0131 bulunmakta olup, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan kiralama yap\u0131lan yolcu gemileri ile birlikte 49 iskeleden faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/h2>\n

      D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck deniz yolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k \u015firketlerinden biri olan \u0130DO, 48 deniz arac\u0131ndan 24 deniz otob\u00fcs\u00fc, 18 araba vapuru, 5 h\u0131zl\u0131 feribot 1 hizmet gemisinden olu\u015fan modern filosu ile hizmet vermektedir.<\/span><\/h2>\n

      5.13 GEM\u0130 ACENTEL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

      Ula\u015ft\u0131rma ve Altyap\u0131 Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re, 31.12.2025 tarihi itibari ile \u00fclkemizde gemi acenteli\u011fi yetki belgesi alarak faaliyet g\u00f6steren toplam 1.401 gemi acente firmas\u0131 mevcuttur. \u015eube yetki belgesine sahip gemi acente firmalar\u0131 ile bu say\u0131 1.684\u2019e ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Gemi acente firmalar\u0131 toplam 26 ilde faaliyet g\u00f6stermekte olup, firmalar\u0131n y\u00fczde 82\u2019sinin gemi acentelik hizmetlerinin yo\u011fun olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi \u0130stanbul, Mu\u011fla, \u0130zmir, Mersin, Kocaeli ve Hatay illerinde, toplam 6 ilde faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/span><\/h2>\n

      5.14 DEN\u0130ZC\u0130L\u0130K E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2. D\u00fcnya Harbinden sonra denizlerin \u00f6nemi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ilk uluslararas\u0131 deniz kongresi 1949\u2019da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tarihten sonra pek \u00e7ok \u00fclke, deniz bilimleri ve teknolojiler ile ilgili e\u011fitimlerini ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2026 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u00f6\u011frenim t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re okul ve \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131lar\u0131 Tablo 5\u2019te verilmi\u015ftir. 2025-2026 E\u011fitim ve \u00d6\u011frenim Y\u0131l\u0131\u2019nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de denizcilik alan\u0131nda 81 okulda 18.650 \u00f6\u011frenci \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rmekteydi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

      Tablo 5. Denizcilik E\u011fitimi Alan\u0131nda \u00d6\u011frenim T\u00fcr\u00fcne G\u00f6re Durum<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u00d6\u011frenim Ad\u0131 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Okul Say\u0131s\u0131 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6\u011frenci Say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Lise\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a051 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6.259<\/p>\n

      Meslek Y\u00fcksekokulu \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 15\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3.882<\/p>\n

      Fak\u00fclte \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 15 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 8.509<\/p>\n

      Genel Toplam\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a081\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 18.650<\/p>\n

      5.15 \u0130\u00c7 SUYOLLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

      ABD\u2019de \u0130\u00e7 Suyolu Ve K\u0131y\u0131 Koridorlar:\u00a0<\/strong>D\u00fcnyadaki \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkelerde; nehirlerde ve g\u00f6llerde i\u00e7su yollar\u0131 ve ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u015eekil 9\u2019da, Amerkia Birle\u015fik Devletlerinde mevcut i\u00e7 su yollar\u0131 ve ula\u015ft\u0131rma koridorlar\u0131 haritas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Nehir ve g\u00f6llerdeki \u00f6nemli i\u00e7 su yollar\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan ba\u015fka hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn okyanus k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda d\u00fcz tabanl\u0131 gemilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilece\u011fi \u201cdeniz ula\u015f\u0131m kordidorlar\u0131\u201d geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletlerinde, nehir ve g\u00f6llerde in\u015fa edilen i\u00e7 suyollar\u0131 ve kara ile okyanuslar\u0131 ay\u0131ran k\u0131y\u0131larda in\u015fa edilen suyolu koridorlar\u0131na ait bir resim \u015eekil 10\u2019da g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. K\u0131y\u0131 gemicili\u011fi i\u00e7in okyanus k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan suyolu, \u201c Intracoastal Waterway\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \"A\u00e7\u0131klama:<\/p>\n

      \u015eekil 9. ABD\u2019de \u0130\u00e7 Suyollar\u0131 ve Deniz Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Koridorlar\u0131 Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \"A\u00e7\u0131klama:<\/p>\n

      \u015eekil 10. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletlerinde kara ile okyanusu ay\u0131ran k\u0131y\u0131 su yolu koridoruna bir \u00f6rnek<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Avrupa Ve Asya\u2019da \u0130\u00e7 Suyollar\u0131:\u00a0<\/strong>\u015eekil 11\u2019de g\u00f6sterilen ve Tuna ve Main nehirlerini kanalla birle\u015ftirilerek b\u00fct\u00fcn Orta Avrupa \u00fclkelerini denizlere ba\u011flayan bir i\u00e7 su ‘yolu geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle Tuna ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bo\u011fazlar\u0131yla ve T\u00fcrkiye ile do\u011frudan ilgili oldu\u011fundan T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

      Rusya\u2019da gemicilik yap\u0131lan nehriler \u015eekil 12\u2019\u00a0 de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. \u015eekilden g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Rusya\u2019n\u0131n pek \u00e7ok nehrinde gemicilik altyap\u0131s\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve bu i\u00e7 suyollar\u0131nda gemicilik yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \"A\u00e7\u0131klama:<\/p>\n

      \u015eekil 11. Karadeniz\u2019i Kuzey Denizi\u2019ne ba\u011flayan Tuna- Main \u0130\u00e7 Suyolu<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \"A\u00e7\u0131klama:<\/p>\n

      \u015eekil 12. Rusya\u2019da\u00a0 i\u00e7 suyollar\u0131 haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131nda, y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 topo\u011frafyadan dolay\u0131 etkili i\u00e7 suyolu (nehir veya kanal) altyap\u0131s\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmemektedir. Ancak, g\u00f6llerde ve baraj g\u00f6llerinde teknecilik geli\u015ftirilebilir. Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, \u0130stanbul\u2019un ve \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131n deniz y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc azaltacak, Kanal \u0130stanbul Projesinden ba\u015fka bir proje olan Karadeniz-Karasu-Sakarya- \u0130zmit K\u00f6rfezi Suyolu haritas\u0131 \u015eekil 13\u2019de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bu proje ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      \u015eekil 13.\u00a0 Karadeniz- Karasu-Sakarya- \u0130zmit K\u00f6rfezi Suyolu Projesi haritas\u0131,<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z, denizlerimiz ve n\u00fcfusumuz \u00f6nemli zenginlik kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r. D\u00fcnya ile yar\u0131\u015fabilecek denizcilik faaliyetleri i\u00e7in kara faaliyetlerine g\u00f6re daha fazla ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7 ve daha fazla teknoloji gerekir. T\u00fcrkiye, deniz kuvvetlerinde, baz\u0131 gemi yap\u0131m\u0131 ve deniz teknolojileri geli\u015ftirmesine ra\u011fmen sivil denizcili\u011fimiz yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi hen\u00fcz lay\u0131k oldu\u011fu seviyeye gelememi\u015ftir. Bunun i\u00e7in denizcili\u011fimizi yeniden ele almal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

        1. Deniz yolu; karayolu ve demiryolu ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gibi yol yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in arazi istimlaki gerektirmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in tarih boyunca bu ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n yolu hemen hemen haz\u0131rd\u0131r. Deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 karayolu ve havayolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ucuz oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyadaki k\u00fcresel y\u00fcklerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 86\u2019s\u0131 deniz yolu ile ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f ticaret y\u00fcklerinin ancak y\u00fczde 7 ila 11\u2019i T\u00fcrk Band\u0131ral\u0131 (bayrakl\u0131) gemilerle ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Okyanuslarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilecek gemi yap\u0131m\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vererek T\u00fcrk bayrakl\u0131 gemilerin art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131y\u0131z. .<\/p>\n

        2. Limanlar gibi deniz yap\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z kapasite ve kalite bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnya limanlar\u0131 ile yar\u0131\u015facak hale getirilmelidir. Geni\u015f, derin kapasiteli ve ileri teknolojili limanlar geli\u015ftirilmelidir. Limanlar, bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki i\u00e7 \u015fehirlerle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc karayolu veya demiryolu ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131yla desteklenmelidir.<\/p>\n

        3. Belediyelerle yak\u0131n il\u00e7eler aras\u0131nda deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flanabilir. Bunun i\u00e7in deniz kenar\u0131nda, ABD\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi, d\u00fcz tabanl\u0131 teknelerin veya katamaran (\u00e7ift g\u00f6vdeli) tipi gemilerin gidebilece\u011fi koridorlar olu\u015fturulabilir.<\/p>\n

        4. Deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya yakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Karasu- \u0130zmit k\u00f6rfezi aras\u0131nda bir gemi ge\u00e7i\u015f kanal\u0131 planlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        5. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin M\u00fcnhas\u0131r Ekonomik B\u00f6lgelerinde bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, madencilik ve enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        6. K\u0131y\u0131larda bulunan B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir belediyelerinde ve di\u011fer \u015fehirlerde, denizle ilgili etkili birimler olu\u015fturmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eehirleraras\u0131 y\u00fck ve yolcu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve adalarla deniz ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmelidir. K\u0131br\u0131s ile Mersin- Girne, Antalya \u2013Girne h\u0131zl\u0131 ve iki veya \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6vdeli gemiler i\u015fletmeye konmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        7. Deniz bilimleri ve teknolojileri geli\u015ftirilmelidir. Denizcilikle ilgili e\u011fitim birimleri a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eahsen son 10 y\u0131lda, lisans ve y\u00fcksek lisans dersleri olarak deniz yap\u0131lar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda k\u0131y\u0131 m\u00fchendisli\u011fi, k\u0131y\u0131 ve liman yap\u0131lar\u0131 gibi se\u00e7meli dersler a\u00e7\u0131yorum. Fakat se\u00e7meli olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in pek az \u00f6\u011frenci dersleri se\u00e7iyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fclkeye katk\u0131s\u0131 pek az.<\/p>\n

        8. Deniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 kamu alan\u0131d\u0131r. Halk\u0131n deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na eri\u015fimi ve yararlanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her y\u0131l y\u00fczlerce insan\u0131m\u0131z denizlerde bo\u011fuluyor. Bu bo\u011fulmalara kar\u015f\u0131 esasl\u0131 tedbirler almak laz\u0131m.<\/p>\n

        9. Denizlerimizi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kirletmelerden korumam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

        10. Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur. Bunun yan\u0131nda, Denizcilik Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi baz\u0131 kurumlar kurulmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen denizcilik konusunda hala vatanda\u015f\u0131n hayat\u0131na dokunan faaliyetler g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n

        11. Deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk Hava Yollar\u0131 (THY) gibi bir te\u015fkilatlanmaya giderek bir Deniz Yollar\u0131 Ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 birimi geli\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n

        \u00c7aka Bey 1081 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk donanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019de kurmu\u015ftur. Co\u011frafyam\u0131z ve tarihimiz denizcili\u011fimizin d\u00fcnyada daha \u00f6nlerde olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131l\u0131yor. Bunu esas alarak co\u011frafyan\u0131n ve tarihin bize y\u00fckledi\u011fi denizci olma vazifesini hakk\u0131yla yerine getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

        \u00d6zet olarak T\u00fcrkiye, denizcili\u011fini bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ele al\u0131p yeniden te\u015fkilatland\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        xxx<\/p>\n

        Yazmak istenirse Rabbin kelam\u0131,<\/p>\n

        Yerdeki a\u011fa\u00e7lar olsa kalemi,<\/p>\n

        Eklense denize yedi deniz de,<\/p>\n

        Yetmez m\u00fcrekkebi yazmaya Seni.<\/p>\n

        KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

        A\u011f\u0131ralio\u011flu, N. ve A\u011f\u0131ralio\u011flu, S., (2025). K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta G\u00f6\u00e7ler Ve Sosyoekonomik Sebepleri, Kitap B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, D\u00fcnya G\u00f6\u00e7 Hareketleri Dizisi-7, Atlas Akademik Bas\u0131m Yay\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m Tic. Ltd. \u015eti., s. 97-142, Ekim 2025.<\/p>\n

        A\u011f\u0131ralio\u011flu, N. ve di\u011ferleri, (1998). A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Sakarya Nehri Ula\u015f\u0131m Projesi Fizibilite \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, Teknik Rapor, 192 s., Sakarya Valili\u011fi.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00c7elebi, \u0130. (2026). Denizci Bir Millet Olma Yolunda: 2025 Denizcilik Sekt\u00f6r Raporu \u00dczerine Ele\u015ftirel Bir De\u011ferlendirme,., 31.7.2026.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u0130stanbul Ve Marmara, Ege, Akdeniz, Karadeniz B\u00f6lgeleri Deniz Ticaret Odas\u0131. (2026). Denizcilik Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc Raporu, 310 s., \u0130stanbul.<\/p>\n

        \u00d6zdemir, \u00dc. (2015). Tarihte T\u00fcrk Denizcilik Faaliyetleri Ve G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Limanlar\u0131n\u0131n Geli\u015fim S\u00fcrecine Olan Etkisinin \u0130ncelenmesi, T\u00fcrk Deniz Ticareti Sempozyumu VII. Karadeniz Limanlar\u0131, Fatsa\/ Ordu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u00c7aykaral\u0131 hem\u015fehrimiz Prof. Dr. Necati A\u011f\u0131ralio\u011flu’nun kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cT\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE DEN\u0130ZLER VE DEN\u0130ZC\u0130L\u0130K” adl\u0131 makaleyi siz de\u011ferli okurlar\u0131m\u0131zla payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. 1. G\u0130R\u0130\u015e Yer y\u00fczeyinin y\u00fczde 70\u2019i denizlerle (tuzlu su), y\u00fczde 30\u2019u karalarla kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Su kaynaklar\u0131 tuzlu sular ve tatl\u0131 sular \u015feklinde iki gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki toplam sular\u0131n y\u00fczde 96,5 tuzlu su olarak denizlerdedir. Geri kalan y\u00fczde 3,5\u2019u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6154,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-caykara"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6153"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6153\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6154"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6153"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6153"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}