{"id":4951,"date":"2025-10-07T16:29:07","date_gmt":"2025-10-07T13:29:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/?p=4951"},"modified":"2025-10-11T21:42:55","modified_gmt":"2025-10-11T18:42:55","slug":"elektrik-insanoglunun-aydinlatmadan-baslayip-isinmaya-yiyecek-depolamaya-sogutmaya-enerji-uretmeye-varincaya-kadar-bircok-alanda-kullanilan-en-onemli-enerji-kaynaklarin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/?p=4951","title":{"rendered":"Elektrik, insano\u011flunun"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Elektrik, insano\u011flunun ayd\u0131nlatmadan ba\u015flay\u0131p \u0131s\u0131nmaya, yiyecek depolamaya, so\u011futmaya, enerji \u00fcretmeye var\u0131ncaya kadar bir\u00e7ok alanda kullan\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda tabiat\u0131n var olu\u015fundan itibaren bir \u015fekilde varl\u0131k \u00e2lemi i\u00e7erisinde yer alan bu enerji t\u00fcr\u00fc insanlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok eski tarihlerden itibaren fark edilmi\u015fti. Bu durum \u015fim\u015fek \u00e7akmas\u0131ndan, y\u0131lan bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arpma etkisine, birtak\u0131m e\u015fyalar\u0131n s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesiyle olu\u015fan \u00e7ekim g\u00fcc\u00fcne bir \u015fekilde kendisini belli etmi\u015fti. 19. Yy\u2019da elektrikle ilgili bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131l\u0131p, elektrik enerjisinin ampulde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla (1879) ayd\u0131nlatma sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, sanayide ve insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir devrim ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Elektri\u011fin ampulle bulu\u015fturulmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce insanlar \u00f6zellikle ayd\u0131nlanma konusunda ate\u015f, hayvansal ve bitkisel ya\u011flardan, \u00e7\u0131ra ve mum gibi malzemelerden faydalanmaktayd\u0131lar. 18. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren petrol\u00fcn i\u015flenip kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131yla ayd\u0131nlatmada da gazya\u011f\u0131ndan faydalan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bahse konu olacak olan \u00c7aykara\u2019n\u0131n k\u00f6ylerine elektri\u011fin geli\u015f tarihi olan 1986\u2019ya kadar ve bu tarihten sonra mezra ve yaylalarda uzun s\u00fcre daha gaz lambalar\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gaz lambalar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck orta ve \u015fi\u015feli olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olanlar d\u00f6rt taraf\u0131 caml\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k, ona yirmi ebatlar\u0131nda \u00fcst taraf\u0131ndan tutma aparat\u0131 olan el fenerleriydi. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131nda yedi, sekiz santim geni\u015fli\u011finde bir iki santim y\u00fcksekli\u011finde kare ya da koni \u015feklinde bir lambas\u0131 olurdu (Resim 1). Bu t\u00fcr lambalar genelde ev d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ayd\u0131nlatma amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. E\u011fer ev i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lacaksa \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha fazla istifade etmek amac\u0131yla fenerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Orta boy olanlar f\u0131skiye lambas\u0131 olarak isimlendirilmi\u015fti. Genelde silindir veya koni bi\u00e7iminde olan bu lambalar\u0131n arka k\u0131sm\u0131nda duvara as\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla tenekeden yap\u0131lma, be\u015fe on santim ebad\u0131nda delikli bir tutturma k\u0131sm\u0131 bulunurdu (Resim 2). Bunlar genelde ev i\u00e7i ayd\u0131nlatma i\u00e7in duvara montajl\u0131 olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir raf \u00fczerine ya da \u00e7iviye tak\u0131larak kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu ikisinin haricinde bunlara g\u00f6re daha l\u00fcks kabul edilen ve etraf\u0131nda camdan fanusu bulunan lambalar vard\u0131. Bunlara \u015fi\u015feli lamba ya da idare lambas\u0131 denilirdi. Bu lambalar\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda gaz ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n konuldu\u011fu camdan yap\u0131lma bir haznesi bulunmaktayd\u0131 (Resim 3). El feneri ile f\u0131skiyelerde gaz haznesi tenekedendi. Hepsinin yanma bi\u00e7imi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 ayn\u0131yd\u0131. Gaz haznesinin bo\u011faz k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunan yuvarlak ya da yayvan delikten ge\u00e7irilen fitil gaz hazinesinden s\u0131zd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gaz ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yakarak ayd\u0131nlatma sa\u011flard\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck el feneri ile \u015fi\u015feli lambalarda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n seviyesini ayarlamak i\u00e7in fitili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ve yukar\u0131 kayd\u0131ran bir mekanizma bulunurdu. Fitil yukar\u0131 \u00e7ekilince \u0131\u015f\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fc artar, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kayd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca \u0131\u015f\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fc d\u00fc\u015ferdi. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak fitil yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131nca gazya\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcketimi artar, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekilince azal\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Elektri\u011fin \u00c7aykara\u2019ya geli\u015finden sonra da s\u0131k ya\u015fanan elektrik kesintilerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zellikle k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda bu cihazlar ayd\u0131nlatma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemliydi. Ayr\u0131ca halen elektrik bulunmayan mezirelerde ve 1991 y\u0131ll\u0131na kadar \u00c7aykara\u2019daki yaylalar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funda bu lambalar kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. S\u00fcreci biraz daha gerileri getirdi\u011fimizde yani gaz lambas\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da olsa da gaz\u0131n yeterince bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda insanlar ayd\u0131nlatmay\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ba\u015fka y\u00f6ntemler kullanmaktayd\u0131. Eskilerin anlat\u0131mlar\u0131nda sobalar\u0131n da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemlerde evlerin i\u00e7erisinde bulunan, \u015fimdilerin \u015f\u00f6mine dedikleri ocaklarda yanan ate\u015f ile bu ocaklar\u0131n etraf\u0131ndaki ta\u015f duvara tutu\u015fturulan \u00e7\u0131ralar yard\u0131m\u0131yla ayd\u0131nlatma sa\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. O d\u00f6nemlerde insanlar\u0131n geceleri gittikleri sohbetlerde yine \u00e7\u0131ralar\u0131n ayd\u0131nlatma \u00f6zelli\u011finden faydalan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

(Resim: 1)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(Resim: 2)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (Resim: 3)<\/p>\n

Gaz lambalar\u0131 insanlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flasa da kullan\u0131m\u0131 hem maliyetli hem de yang\u0131n olu\u015fturmaya meyilli olmas\u0131ndan riskliydi. \u00d6rne\u011fin e\u011flence ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir araya toplan\u0131lan seyir ortamlar\u0131nda bu gaz lambalar\u0131ndan sa\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 yakanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 az de\u011fildir. K\u00f6y ya da mezire evlerinde bu gaz lambalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu raf ya da \u00e7ivilerin arka taraflar\u0131ndaki tahta k\u00f6\u015feler bu lambalar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nma ve is etkisiyle yang\u0131n riski olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131.\u00a0Yine gece ah\u0131rlara gitmek icap etti\u011finde etraf\u0131 caml\u0131 da olsa bu fenerler ah\u0131rda hayvanlar\u0131n alt\u0131na serilen yaprak ve otlar i\u00e7in tutu\u015fturma etkisi olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131ndan tehlike arz edebilmekteydi. Hulasa bu malzemeleri kullan\u0131rken azami d\u00fczeyde dikkatli olmak gerekmekteydi. T\u00fcm risk fakt\u00f6rlerine ra\u011fmen bu gere\u00e7ler l\u00fcks olmayan ancak alternatifi de bulunmayan malzemelerdi. Bu lambalar soluk \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131yla da olsa evlerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pencerelerinden yans\u0131yan sar\u0131 renkleriyle hayat\u0131n, canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve \u015fenli\u011fin emaresi olarak y\u0131llarca g\u00f6revlerini ifa etmi\u015flerdi. Ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda yerini koruyan, kendi olmas\u0131ndan \u00f6te farkl\u0131 anlamlar da ta\u015f\u0131yan bu gere\u00e7ler, \u00a0bug\u00fcnlerde kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerde \u00f6r\u00fcmcek a\u011flar\u0131yla hat\u0131ralara sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ak\u0131betlerini beklemektedirler.<\/p>\n

Sadece bulundu\u011fu oday\u0131 belli belirsiz ayd\u0131nlatabilen ev i\u00e7i lambalar\u0131 insanlar\u0131n tek oda i\u00e7erisinde topland\u0131klar\u0131 ve t\u00fcm i\u015flerini burada g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri ortamlar\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmeziydiler. I\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczeyi \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan ve etraf\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru \u0131\u015f\u0131k kalitesi d\u00fc\u015fen bu lambalar, 25, 30 metrekare alan\u0131n \u00fccra k\u00f6\u015felerine sadece bir g\u00f6lge olarak ula\u015fabilmekteydi. \u0130nsanlar, ak\u015famdan sonra yeme\u011fini pi\u015firme ve yemesini, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131, bula\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kamay\u0131, yatak serme i\u015flerini olduk\u00e7a zay\u0131f olan bu \u0131\u015f\u0131k alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek durumundayd\u0131lar. Bu soluk \u0131\u015f\u0131k alt\u0131nda bir i\u015fe giri\u015fildi\u011finde, birisinin bu ortak alanda dola\u015fmas\u0131yla \u0131\u015f\u0131k tamamen perdelenerek ciddi bir g\u00f6lgeleme olu\u015furdu. Bu ortamlar\u0131 en g\u00fczel \u00f6zetleyen deyim \u201c\u0131\u015f\u0131k az, g\u00f6lgeler b\u00fcy\u00fck\u201d olsa gerek. Gaz lambal\u0131 gecelerde insanlar\u0131n birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 en s\u0131k ikaz\u0131 \u201c\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 kesme, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00e7ekil\u201d bi\u00e7iminde olurdu. Bu durumda herkesin oturdu\u011fu yer bile \u00f6nemliydi. Zira \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa yak\u0131n olan mutlaka di\u011ferinin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesmi\u015f olurdu. Bu durum yemek yiyeni, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r, bula\u015f\u0131k y\u0131kayan\u0131, ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 mutlaka etkiler g\u00f6rme kalitesini etkilerdi. \u015ei\u015feli lambalarda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fczeyini fitili biraz daha d\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131karmak suretiyle artt\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsa da bu kez gazya\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcketimi artaca\u011f\u0131ndan evin b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin ikaz\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Artan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n, lamban\u0131n cam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7atlatma, dar olan \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n isle kaplanma riskini de g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek laz\u0131md\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 ve kapasitesi belli olsa da belki biraz daha etkili olur diye lambay\u0131 yakmadan \u00f6nce \u015fi\u015fesini g\u00fczelce silmek pekte i\u015fe yaramazd\u0131. Soban\u0131n yand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde soba kapa\u011f\u0131ndaki pencereden ve di\u011fer delikli k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan s\u0131zan \u0131\u015f\u0131k ortam ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi nostaljik bir hava da katard\u0131. Evin oturma, yeme, yatma ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma vb. alan\u0131 olan bu tek oda haricinde di\u011fer odalarda anl\u0131k i\u015fleri olanlar varsa pilli el fenerlerini \u015fayet bu da yoksa ta\u015f\u0131nabilir gazya\u011fl\u0131 el fenerlerini kullanmak durumundayd\u0131lar. Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fan y\u00f6re insanlar\u0131 ak\u015fam sonras\u0131 ah\u0131rda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen herhangi bir duruma m\u00fcdahale etmek amac\u0131yla buraya yine k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck el fenerleriyle gitmek durumundayd\u0131lar. Sonbaharda tarla hasat zaman\u0131nda yine k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck caml\u0131 el fenerleri kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00fcnlerin olduk\u00e7a k\u0131sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemlerde ak\u015famdan sonraya sarkan m\u0131s\u0131r k\u0131rma, fasulye ay\u0131klama i\u015fleri bir s\u0131r\u0131\u011fa as\u0131lan bu el fenerlerinin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilirdi. Yine \u00e7uvallanan veya sepetlere doldurulan m\u0131s\u0131r\u0131, kaba\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in patika yolu bu fener vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ayd\u0131nlat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Genelde bu i\u015fleri okuldan gelen \u00e7ocuklar yaparlard\u0131. Sepetlerin g\u0131c\u0131rt\u0131lar\u0131na e\u015flik eden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ad\u0131mlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6lgeleriyle bir an \u00f6nce eve ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in bir elde fener di\u011fer elde bir kabakla yollar ar\u015f\u0131nlan\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130ki ki\u015fiye pek de yetmeyen bu \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131 ile yollar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ezberden gidilirdi. Eve ta\u015f\u0131nan ve geni\u015f\u00e7e bir alanda toplanan m\u0131s\u0131r\u0131n vakti gelince soyulma i\u015fleri de ak\u015famdan sonra ya bireysel ya da imece usul\u00fcyle yine bu fenerlerin soluk, sar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilirdi.<\/p>\n

Bahsini etti\u011fimiz bu zamanlarda \u00f6\u011frenci olmak da olduk\u00e7a zordu. Ge\u00e7mi\u015finde \u00f6nemli bir ilmi gelenek bulunan \u00c7aykara\u2019da insanlar, hem medrese hem de okul derslerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yine bu lambalardan faydalanmak durumundayd\u0131lar. Tek oda i\u00e7erisinde umumi i\u015flerin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131rada duvara as\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan lamban\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir talebenin ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131. Bu durumda ya f\u0131skiye lambas\u0131n\u0131 ya da el fenerini, \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 yemek sofras\u0131n\u0131n ya da pekenin \u00fczerine koyarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorundayd\u0131. Kab\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan gazl\u0131 el feneri lambas\u0131 dikd\u00f6rtgen caml\u0131 d\u0131\u015f kab\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine konulup ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturulurdu. Ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar lambas\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha iyi alabilmek i\u00e7in sa\u00e7\u0131 lamba \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011fdi de\u011fecek \u015fekilde otururdu. Lamban\u0131n etraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7enin r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131ndan, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n nefesinden bile etkilenerek sa\u011fa sola esneyen, her an s\u00f6nme emaresi g\u00f6steren bu lamban\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fc. Yanan fitilin \u00fczerinden geni\u015f olarak ba\u015flay\u0131p y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e ip \u015feklini alan bu lambalar\u0131n isi ve beraberindeki gaz kokusu da \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan dersin konu hat\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc. Etraf\u0131nda oturanlar\u0131n y\u00fczlerine yans\u0131yan koyu sar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131k, insanlar\u0131n arkalar\u0131nda duvara kocaman g\u00f6lge olarak aks ederdi. \u00d6\u011frenciler bu kadar yak\u0131n mesafeden bile okuyaca\u011f\u0131 ya da yazaca\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131rlar\u0131 zorla se\u00e7ebilirdi. Keskin gazya\u011f\u0131 kokusu ve simsiyah is alt\u0131nda titreyen lamba \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 risk o d\u00f6nemlerde ak\u0131llara bile gelmezdi. T\u00fcm bunlara ra\u011fmen bu k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131k alt\u0131nda azimle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu insanlar gelece\u011fin m\u00fcnevverleri olarak ayd\u0131nl\u0131k sa\u00e7acaklard\u0131. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7iminin en \u00f6nemli kazan\u0131m\u0131 ise \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n etraftaki nesnelere ula\u015famamas\u0131 nedeniyle tek bir kayna\u011fa yani \u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma dok\u00fcman\u0131na odaklanmay\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131yd\u0131. Evlerde televizyonun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belki bir pilli radyonun oldu\u011fu bu ortamlarda dikkati da\u011f\u0131tacak d\u0131\u015f etkenler pek bulunmazd\u0131. Sadece ev halk\u0131n\u0131n seyrek konu\u015fmalar\u0131 ile ev i\u015flerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki ses, dikkatleri da\u011f\u0131tabilecek unsurlard\u0131. Pilli radyolar ise pil t\u00fcketimine sebep olaca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle olduk\u00e7a s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ak\u015famlar\u0131 TRT radyosundan sadece 19.00 ana haber b\u00fclteni dinlenir ve radyo kapat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla lambas\u0131n soluk ve adeta yorgun \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ev halk\u0131n\u0131n da durgunluk ve sessizli\u011fine \u00e7anak tutar bir hal al\u0131rd\u0131. Hulasa bu ortamlarda geceler de lamban\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fc gibi insanlar i\u00e7in hep soluk ve k\u0131sa olmu\u015ftu. Gecelerin uzun oldu\u011fu k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda bile gece ya\u015fam\u0131 yats\u0131 namaz\u0131ndan sonra biterdi. Ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak \u00f6\u011frenciler ise herkes yatt\u0131ktan sonra bu durgun ortama fazla dayanamay\u0131p erken yatmak durumunda kal\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan elinin daha az de\u011fdi\u011fi do\u011fall\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha belirgin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortamlardan birisi mezirelerdi. Gaz lambalar\u0131 bu nostaljik ortam\u0131n m\u00fctemmimi adeta tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olurdu. \u00a0Buradaki evlerde ge\u00e7en bir gecenin k\u00f6y evlerinden pek fark\u0131 olmazd\u0131. Ancak daha otantik oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Daha \u00e7ok hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131lan bu yerlerde i\u015f merkezli bir ya\u015fam vard\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla talebe olanlar \u00f6zellikle ak\u015famlar\u0131 ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak ortam\u0131 burada daha zor bulurdu. Zira buradaki ya\u015fam \u015fartlar\u0131 daha k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lacak her malzeme ve konaklama s\u00fcresi daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 idi. Bu yerle\u015fim yeri k\u00f6yden bir bu\u00e7uk iki saatlik y\u00fcr\u00fcme mesafesinde olup buraya herhangi bir ula\u015f\u0131m arac\u0131 ile gitmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. Burada kullan\u0131lacak t\u00fcm malzemeler gibi gaz ya\u011f\u0131 da insan s\u0131rt\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmak zorundayd\u0131. Bulunmas\u0131 zor ve y\u00f6re insanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a maliyetli olan gazya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hem k\u00f6y hem mezra hem de yaylaya da\u011f\u0131t\u0131larak istenilen \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a zordu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla idareli olmak bir zorunluluktu. Bir de insanlar burada k\u00f6ydeki gibi devaml\u0131 kalmad\u0131klar\u0131ndan buradaki konforlar\u0131na fazla \u00f6nem vermezlerdi. \u00d6rne\u011fin ayd\u0131nlatma i\u00e7in l\u00fcks say\u0131lan caml\u0131 gaz lambalar\u0131 buralarda nadir bulunurdu. Genelde f\u0131skiye denilen ve duvardaki raflara konulan ya da as\u0131lan lambalar daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan bu ortamlar\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmaya yeterdi. Mezirede genelde ah\u015faptan in\u015fa edilen evlerin, sobadan \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerde duvara yaslanm\u0131\u015f yass\u0131 bir ta\u015fa siper edilerek yak\u0131lan kara ate\u015fin ayd\u0131nlatmaya etkisi olurdu. Ancak bu ate\u015ften tevell\u00fct eden duman ile gaz lambas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan is tek ya\u015fam alan\u0131 olan odan\u0131n duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 simsiyah bir renge bulard\u0131. \u00d6zellikle gaz lambas\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu raf\u0131n arka taraf\u0131 ile lamban\u0131n \u00fczerinde bulunan tavan k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki karart\u0131 adeta zift halinde kendini belli ederdi.<\/p>\n

Mezireler hayvanlara ot stoklamak i\u00e7in geni\u015f\u00e7e \u00e7ay\u0131rl\u0131k alanlardan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. \u00c7ay\u0131rlar\u0131n bi\u00e7me zaman\u0131 olan a\u011fustos sonu, eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131 y\u00f6re insanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u201c\u00e7ay\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131k\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00fcne\u015fli g\u00fcnlerin az oldu\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinde bu g\u00fcnlerin \u00e7ok iyi de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekirdi. Bundan dolay\u0131 baz\u0131 zamanlar otlar\u0131n ba\u011flanmas\u0131 (hur\u00e7as) edilmesi i\u00e7in ak\u015famdan sonra da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak laz\u0131md\u0131. Ay \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu zamanlarda ay \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda, olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yine bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck fenerlerin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131yla otlar ba\u011flan\u0131r ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaya haz\u0131r hale getirilirdi. Orman\u0131n i\u00e7i, da\u011flar\u0131n yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda her an bir yabani hayvan\u0131n ortama gelebilece\u011fi korkusu i\u00e7erisinde bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck fenerlerinin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile is kokusu bir sapt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak insanlara g\u00fcven verirdi.<\/p>\n

Yine benzer \u015fekilde yayla evlerinde de kullan\u0131lan bu lambalar i\u015f g\u00f6rme \u00f6zelli\u011finin yan\u0131nda e\u011flence mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n da vazge\u00e7ilmeziydi. Haftada d\u00f6rt be\u015f kez oturulup sohbet edilen herhangi bir yayla evinin sohbet odas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u201cbarakaf\u201d (sohbet) ortamlar\u0131, horan ama\u00e7l\u0131 toplan\u0131lan \u201cseyir\u201c mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 da ayd\u0131nlatmak i\u00e7in varsa \u015fi\u015feli gaz lambas\u0131 yoksa f\u0131skiye lambalar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131n sosyalle\u015fmesinde etkili olan bu faaliyetler ve buralar\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatan bu lambalar, nice insanlar\u0131n sevdas\u0131n\u0131 izhar etmi\u015f, nicelerini g\u00f6lgeleyerek hat\u0131ralardaki yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda zor ya\u015fam \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n en \u00f6nemli organizasyonlar\u0131ndan olan imecelerde yine bu \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Genelde geceleri organize edilen g\u00fcbre, ot, odun ta\u015f\u0131ma ya da toprak kald\u0131rma imecelerinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck el fenerleri kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00a0Herkes elindeki feneriyle ancak \u00f6n\u00fcne ayd\u0131nlatabilen, tutulan elde lamban\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissettiren, y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e sallanan, salland\u0131k\u00e7a r\u00fczgar etkisi alan, uzaktan ate\u015f b\u00f6ce\u011fi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131ran bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc alt\u0131nda insanlar hem y\u00fcklerini ta\u015f\u0131r hem de sohbet ederek menzile ula\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

En az iki neslin hayat\u0131na etki eden gazya\u011fl\u0131 lambalar, hem bulunduklar\u0131 ortamlar\u0131 hem de bir neslin gelece\u011fine etki eden bir fonksiyon icra etmi\u015flerdi. Zorunlulu\u011fun vazge\u00e7ilmezi olan bu ara\u00e7lar, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortamlar\u0131ndan, e\u011flence alanlar\u0131na, gece patika yolunun ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan, d\u0131\u015farda bir i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine var\u0131ncaya kadar sosyal hayat\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak yerini korumu\u015ftu. \u00a0T\u00fcm bireylere e\u015fit d\u00fczeyde etki eden hayat \u015fartlar\u0131, ayd\u0131nlanma konusunda da ayr\u0131cal\u0131k sunmamaktayd\u0131. Herhangi bir bireyi, haneyi veya mek\u00e2n\u0131 g\u00f6steri\u015f ya da sadelik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan di\u011ferinden farkl\u0131 ya da \u00fcst\u00fcn k\u0131lmayan en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6stergelerden birisi de bu ayd\u0131nlatma cihazlar\u0131yd\u0131. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131 olmasa da insanlar\u0131 bir araya toplama \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile i\u015fe odaklama konusunda olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir etkiye sahip olduklar\u0131 muhakkakt\u0131r. K\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131k etkisi alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan nice insan ileride doktor, m\u00fchendis, \u00f6\u011fretmen, i\u015f insan\u0131, esnaf, \u00e7ift\u00e7i vb. olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmeden bu \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisine g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ile ba\u015flay\u0131p bir ya\u015fam\u0131n temelini atm\u0131\u015f oldular. Kimisi o \u0131\u015f\u0131k alt\u0131nda oyalanm\u0131\u015f vaktini ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, kimisi o \u0131\u015f\u0131kla ufkunu ve ufkunun \u00f6tesini ayd\u0131nlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131 baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n hayallerini ayd\u0131nlatarak ya\u015fam felsefesinin bir n\u00fcvesi olmu\u015ftu. Her bir gaz lambas\u0131n\u0131n titreyen alevli \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u015farj olan haf\u0131zalar gelece\u011fin projekt\u00f6rleri olarak insanl\u0131\u011fa \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmaya devam etmektedirler.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Elektrik, insano\u011flunun ayd\u0131nlatmadan ba\u015flay\u0131p \u0131s\u0131nmaya, yiyecek depolamaya, so\u011futmaya, enerji \u00fcretmeye var\u0131ncaya kadar bir\u00e7ok alanda kullan\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda tabiat\u0131n var olu\u015fundan itibaren bir \u015fekilde varl\u0131k \u00e2lemi i\u00e7erisinde yer alan bu enerji t\u00fcr\u00fc insanlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok eski tarihlerden itibaren fark edilmi\u015fti. Bu durum \u015fim\u015fek \u00e7akmas\u0131ndan, y\u0131lan bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arpma etkisine, birtak\u0131m e\u015fyalar\u0131n s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesiyle olu\u015fan \u00e7ekim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4952,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4951","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-caykara"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4951","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4951"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4951\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4976,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4951\/revisions\/4976"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4952"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4951"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4951"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4951"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}