{"id":4788,"date":"2025-07-28T17:29:07","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T14:29:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/?p=4788"},"modified":"2025-07-28T17:29:07","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T14:29:07","slug":"eskisehirde-22-temmuzda-baslayan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/?p=4788","title":{"rendered":"

Eski\u015fehir<\/span><\/a>\u2019de, 22 Temmuz\u2019da ba\u015flayan\u00a0<\/span>\n

Eski\u015fehir<\/span><\/a>\u2019de, 22 Temmuz\u2019da ba\u015flayan\u00a0<\/span>orman yang\u0131n\u0131<\/span><\/a>nda, s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131lan 10 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti (\u015eekil-1). Bu yang\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de meydana gelen felaketlerin bir de\u011ferlendirilmesini yapmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini bize d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u00fc. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de pek \u00e7ok felaket, \u00f6nemli mal kay\u0131plar\u0131na ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan kayb\u0131na sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Bu felaketler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye olarak basiretli davran\u0131p gerekli tedbirleri al\u0131yor muyuz? Meydana gelen felaketlere kar\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenler burada \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilecektir.<\/p>\n

\"A\u00e7\u0131klama:<\/p>\n

\u015eekil-1: 22 Temmuz 2025 tarihinde Eski\u015fehir Orman yang\u0131n\u0131nda 10 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Orman Yang\u0131nlar\u0131:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130statistiklere bakt\u0131m. 1937-2024 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, 88 y\u0131lda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 126.268 orman yang\u0131n\u0131 olmu\u015f. Listeye bakt\u0131m, 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u00c7aykara\u2019da meydana gelen ve \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm orman yang\u0131n\u0131 listede yoktu. May\u0131s ay\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda, yaylaya g\u00f6\u00e7 ederken vadinin kar\u015f\u0131 yamac\u0131ndan g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz yang\u0131n, g\u00fcnlerce s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve yang\u0131n orman s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na gelince kendili\u011finden s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. O d\u00f6nemde \u00c7aykara\u2019dan Uzung\u00f6l\u2019e do\u011fru 30 kilometre uzakta olan yang\u0131n yerine ula\u015facak araba yolu yoktu. Hatta \u00c7aykara Uzung\u00f6l yolu bile 1960\u2019tan sonra yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Herhalde il\u00e7ede Orman \u0130daresi te\u015fkilat\u0131 da yoktu.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde, y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama 1000\u2019den fazla orman yang\u0131n\u0131 meydana gelmektedir. Orman te\u015fkilat\u0131m\u0131z, basiretli davran\u0131p her orman i\u00e7in bir yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme projesi haz\u0131rlamal\u0131 ve orman i\u00e7inde yang\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u011fa\u00e7s\u0131z ve kuru otsuz ula\u015f\u0131m \u015feritleri, yani servis yollar\u0131 planlamal\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Marmara, Akdeniz, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu, Karadeniz, Do\u011fu Anadolu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgelerinde yaylalar, mezralar vard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde Y\u00f6r\u00fckler yaz\u0131n yaylalarda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Fakat televizyonlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz; bu yayla ve mezralar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda, hala araba yolu, elektrik, su gibi altyap\u0131 tesisleri yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc makine park\u0131 ve teknoloji imk\u00e2nlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen hala bu b\u00f6lgelerde altyap\u0131 tesislerini yapmayan idareciler gece evlerinde rahat uyuyabiliyor mu?<\/p>\n

2. Bina Yang\u0131nlar\u0131:\u00a0<\/strong>13 \u015eubat 1956\u2019de Sinop\u2019un il\u00e7esi Gerze, neredeyse tamamen yanm\u0131\u015f ve biz E\u011fridere K\u00f6y\u00fc ilkokulunda s\u0131n\u0131fta, bu yang\u0131na yard\u0131m i\u00e7in para toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, ev ve i\u015fyeri yang\u0131nlar\u0131 her y\u0131l pek \u00e7ok binan\u0131n yanmas\u0131na ve insanlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Bu hususta, binalarda yang\u0131n y\u00f6netmeliklerine ve \u015fartnamelere uyulmamakta ve i\u015fletme s\u0131ras\u0131nda tedbirsiz hareket edilmesi yang\u0131nlara sebep olmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7o\u011fu vatanda\u015f, yapt\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 binada, m\u00fchendislik hizmetlerinin faydas\u0131na, sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve g\u00fczelli\u011fine g\u00fcvenmemekte, bu hizmetlerin sadece yerine getirilmesi gereken bir formalite oldu\u011funa inanmakta ve kendi tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 binay\u0131 yapmay\u0131 tercih etmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Depremler:\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00fcrkiye, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n deprem b\u00f6lgesinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte Japonya ve ABD gibi pek \u00e7ok \u00fclke de deprem \u00fclkesidir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fiddetteki depremler di\u011fer benzer \u00fclkelerde fazla \u00f6l\u00fcm ve hasar meydana getirmezken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu ve benzer depremler \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131m ve \u00f6l\u00fcmlere sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Bunun sebebi oralarda depreme uygun binalar yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. 1939 Erzincan depreminden beri bile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de on binlerce insan deprem felaketlerinde \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. En son 2024\u2019de Mar\u015f b\u00f6lgesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir deprem ya\u015fad\u0131k. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de zaman zaman deprem y\u00f6netmelikleri haz\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde pek m\u00fckemmel g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor. Fakat bunlar ger\u00e7ekte uygulanm\u0131yor.\u00a0 Bunlar\u0131 uygulayacak teknik elemanlar yeti\u015ftirilmiyor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerinde, T\u00fcrkiye hari\u00e7, 4 y\u0131ll\u0131k okulu bitiren m\u00fchendise m\u00fchendislik yetkisi verilmez. Baz\u0131 e\u011fitim ve s\u0131navlardan sonra ba\u015faran m\u00fchendise uzman m\u00fchendis belgesi ve yetkisi verilir. Bu, hekimlikte uzman doktorluk gibi bir yetki ve sertifikad\u0131r. Bu belgeyi alan m\u00fchendis belli bir konuda uzman olmu\u015f demektir. Mesela in\u015faat m\u00fchendisli\u011finde mezuniyetten sonra 6 ayr\u0131 uzmanl\u0131k dal\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n bir tanesi Yap\u0131 uzmanl\u0131k dal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de zaman zaman uzman m\u00fchendisli\u011fe benzer baz\u0131 uygulamalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemeler bu i\u015fi yapm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yap\u0131lan\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte uzmanl\u0131kla hi\u00e7 alakas\u0131 yoktur. ABD\u2019de, 1911\u2019y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri bu sistem uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Deprem m\u00fccadelede, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilmemiz i\u00e7in mesle\u011finde uzmanl\u0131k belgesi olan m\u00fchendislik sistemine ge\u00e7memiz \u015fartt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u015fehir y\u00f6neticilerinin ilk \u00f6ncelikli i\u015fi deprem konusu olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

4. Deprem Dalgalar\u0131<\/strong>: B\u00fcy\u00fck depremlerden sonra okyanuslarda b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem dalgalar\u0131 meydana gelmektedir. Depremlerin veya toprak kaymalar\u0131n\u0131n tetikledi\u011fi dalgalar okyanuslarda 500 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011fe kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de deprem dalgalar\u0131 okyanustakilere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

5. Seller ve Su Bas\u0131nlar\u0131:\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u015fiddetli ya\u011f\u0131\u015flardan ve kar erimlerinden kaynaklanan seller ve su bask\u0131nlar\u0131 her y\u0131l ya\u015fanmakta, hatta b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerimizde bile mal ve can kay\u0131plar\u0131na sebep olabilmektedir. Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminin ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck sel felaketi \u201c1929 Of Sel Felaketi\u201d olarak bilinir.\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye’de y\u0131lda ortalama 30-35 ki\u015finin sellerden dolay\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. Sel ve su bask\u0131n\u0131 zararlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcmlerini azaltmak i\u00e7in\u00a0<\/span>\u00d6ncellikle yerle\u015fim yerlerindeki \u201cYa\u011fmur Suyu Drenaj Sistemleri\u201d kontrol edilmeli, yetersiz kalanlar\u0131n projesi yeniden yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her belediye ya\u011f\u0131\u015f mevsimi ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce ya\u011fmur suyu kanallar\u0131n\u0131n kumla ve di\u011fer at\u0131klarla dolup dolmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmelidir. Gerekli temizleme ve bak\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 her y\u0131l belli aral\u0131klarla tekrarlamad\u0131r. Bu projelendirmelerde \u015fehirlerin gelecekteki 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi hesaba kat\u0131larak g\u00fcvenlik katsay\u0131s\u0131 en az 2 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

6. Deniz Dalgalar\u0131:\u00a0<\/strong>Okyanuslarda 20 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011fe ula\u015fan deniz dalgalar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Fakat T\u00fcrkiye k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda deniz dalga y\u00fckseklikleri 6-7 m\u2019yi pek ge\u00e7memektedir. \u00a0Deniz faaliyetlerinde, \u00a0k\u0131y\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131nda deniz dalgalar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r ve proje t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re dalga \u00f6zellikleri hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

7. Hortumlar:\u00a0<\/strong>K\u0131ta karalar\u0131nda ve okyanuslarda ya\u015fanan ve \u00e7at\u0131 ve arabalar\u0131 bile u\u00e7uran b\u00fcy\u00fck hortumlar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de pek ya\u015fanmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

8. Med ve Cezir:\u00a0<\/strong>Denizin 12 saat 25 dakikada bir al\u00e7al\u0131p y\u00fckselmesi olan med-cezir. Okyanus k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda su seviyesi 10-15 metreye kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilir. T\u00fcrkiye denizleri, i\u00e7 deniz olduklar\u0131ndan burada med-cezir 0, 5 metre dolay\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de med-cezir \u00f6nemli felaketlere sebep olmaz, fakat projelerde dikkate al\u0131nan bir veridir.<\/p>\n

9. Toprak Kaymas\u0131:\u00a0<\/strong>Toprak kaymalar\u0131 genellikle e\u011fimli arazilerde sellerle beraber meydana gelir. K\u0131saca bu toprak kaymalar\u0131 genellikle fazla sudan kaynaklan\u0131r. Engebeli arazilerde yamac\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 oymak veya \u00fcst\u00fcne a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir bina y\u00fck\u00fc y\u00fcklemek gibi durumlarda da su etkisi ile toprak kaymalar\u0131 (heyelan) meydana gelmekte ve \u00f6nemli mal kay\u0131plar\u0131na, bazen de can kayb\u0131na sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Benzer bir durum baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ve \u00f6zellikle karayolu \u015fevlerinde kaya d\u00fc\u015fmesi \u015feklinde de meydana gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

10. Y\u00fcksekten D\u00fc\u015fme:\u00a0<\/strong>Binalardan, bazen balkonlardan, bazen \u00e7at\u0131dan insanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlar da yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca yeksek binalarda pencere temizli\u011fi yapan insanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ferek \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kay\u0131tlardan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

11 \u00c7\u0131\u011f D\u00fc\u015fmesi:\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7\u0131\u011f d\u00fc\u015fme tehlikesi mevcuttur. Sadece 1992-1993 k\u0131\u015f mevsimi \u00e7\u0131\u011f kazalar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 135 ki\u015fidir.\u00a0<\/span>\u00c7\u0131\u011flar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek veya \u00e7\u0131\u011flar\u0131n zararlar\u0131ndan korunmak \u015feklinde baz\u0131 tedbirler al\u0131n\u0131biliyor. \u00c7aykara\u2019da ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, 3 b\u00f6lgede halk taraf\u0131ndan 3 \u201cBuddual\u0131 Orman\u201d kurup korunarak 3 k\u00f6y\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131\u011fdan korunmas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7aykara\u00b4da Kavlatan mevkiinde, 10 Ocak 2015 tarihinde \u00e7\u0131\u011f felaketi\u00a0 olmu\u015f ve 5 ki\u015fi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7\u0131\u011f d\u00fc\u015fmesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nemli bir felakettir.<\/span><\/p>\n

12. So\u011fuktan Donma:\u00a0<\/strong>K\u0131\u015f\u0131n so\u011fuk zamanlarda, evsizlerin ve yolda kalm\u0131\u015flar\u0131n donarak hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi durumlarla s\u0131k olmasa da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m as\u0131r \u00f6nce, y\u00fcksek yerlerde ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n zor oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde tipiden bo\u011fulmalar\u0131n da ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

13. Trafik Kazalar\u0131:<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye Avrupa \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7inde en fazla \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc trafik kazalar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu yerdir. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re baz\u0131 avrupa \u00fclkeleri ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Trafik kazas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm istatistikleri \u015eekil-2\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (\u015eekil-2). 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tarfik kazalar\u0131nda \u00f6lenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 4866 olmu\u015ftur. Bu say\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck Avrupa devletlerinin iki kat\u0131 kadard\u0131r. Bunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck sebebi yollarda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 h\u0131zla gitmek. Adeta, araba s\u00fcrm\u00fcyoruz; u\u00e7uyoruz, ama nereye?<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eekil-2: \u00a0Trafik Kazalar\u0131 \u00d6l\u00fcm \u0130statistiklerinde T\u00fcrkiye Birinci<\/strong><\/p>\n

14. \u0130\u015f Kazalar\u0131:\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, \u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131nda y\u0131lda \u00f6len ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 1200\u2019den fazlad\u0131r ve\u00a0 Avrupa Birli\u011fi Devletlerine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye 1. S\u0131radad\u0131r. Avrupa Birli\u011fi ortalamas\u0131 600 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r (\u015eekil-3).<\/p>\n

\"A\u00e7\u0131klama:<\/p>\n

\u015eekil-3: T\u00fcrkiye ve Avrupa Birli\u011finde i\u015f kazalar\u0131nda \u00f6len i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

15. \u0130n\u015faat Kazalar\u0131:\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00fcrkiye, in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki kaza s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyadaki \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda birincili\u011fi hi\u00e7 b\u0131rakm\u0131yor. 2010-2019 aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye ortalama kaza s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan y\u00fczde 27,32 ile birinci s\u0131radad\u0131r (\u015eekil-4). \u015eekilde, en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Hollanda, ondan sonra \u0130ngiltere geliyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu oran\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi laz\u0131m. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekle g\u00f6re D\u00fcnya ortalamas\u0131 9,14\u2019t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"A\u00e7\u0131klama:<\/p>\n

\u015eekil-4: D\u00fcnyadaki \u00fclkelerin in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kaza S\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 De\u011ferleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

(2010-2019 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 ortalamas\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n

16. Maden ve Ta\u015f Ocaklar\u0131:\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, di\u011fer baz\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok fazla maden oca\u011f\u0131 ve ta\u015f oca\u011f\u0131 kazalar\u0131 meydana gelmekte ve pek \u00e7ok insan bu kazalarda kaybedilmektedir. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, son 50 y\u0131lda d\u00fcnyada meydana gelen en \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl maden kazalar\u0131 \u015eekil-5\u2019te verilmi\u015ftir. Listede Hindistan 1975 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki kazada 375 \u00f6l\u00fc vermi\u015f. Listede 2. s\u0131rada olan T\u00fcrkiye, May\u0131s 2014 tarihinde 301 ki\u015fi ile 2. S\u0131rad\u0131r ve ayr\u0131ca 262 \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc kaza ile 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda 4. S\u0131radad\u0131r. Bu maden ve ta\u015f ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n proje ve in\u015faat safhalar\u0131 ve i\u015fletmeden sonra kapanma projeleri i\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gerekir. Pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede maden i\u015fletmeleri i\u00e7in baz\u0131 standartlar geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye bu konuda standartlar haz\u0131rlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcml\u00fc kazalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in can g\u00fcvenli\u011fine en \u00fcstte tutan proje standartlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131, uygulanmal\u0131 ve i\u015fletmelerin tesisleri belli aral\u0131klarla \u00e7evre kalitesi ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan denetlenmelidir. Bunun i\u00e7in yeterli maddi imk\u00e2n ve insan kayna\u011f\u0131 mevcuttur. Devlet ve toplum nazar\u0131nda, \u00a0bizim vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n can\u0131 en k\u0131ymetli can olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer devletlerin vatanda\u015flar\u0131 onlar i\u00e7in k\u0131ymetli de bizim vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z bizim i\u00e7in k\u0131ymetsiz mi?<\/p>\n

\"A\u00e7\u0131klama:<\/p>\n

\u015eekil-5: Son 50 y\u0131lda d\u00fcnyadaki en \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl maden kazalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

17. Kad\u0131n ve Yak\u0131n Cinayetleri:\u00a0<\/strong>Toplumuzda insan \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek en b\u00fcy\u00fck su\u00e7tur. Hele bir kad\u0131n veya yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek ne demek! Son d\u00f6nemlerde kad\u0131n cinayetleri ilgili felaket haberleri dikkati \u00e7ekmektedir. Bu cinayete kat\u0131lanlar bu topraklara ba\u015fka bir gezegenden gelmedi. Bunlar hangi terbiye ve e\u011fitim sisteminin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr, anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Bu konu derinlemesine incelenip sebepleri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ortaya konmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sebep ve sunuca g\u00f6re bu m\u00fchim problem i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretilmelidir.<\/p>\n

18. \u00c7ocuk \u00d6l\u00fcmleri:\u00a0<\/strong>Son on y\u0131llarda, ihmal veya kusura ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine daha s\u0131k rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Yavrusunu yiyen kediler gibi insanc\u0131klar toplumumuzda yer almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu konu hakk\u0131nda toplum fertlerinin genel bir e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7mesi laz\u0131m. edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

19. Suda Bo\u011fulma:\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, \u00f6zellikle yaz aylar\u0131nda, akarsu, g\u00f6l, baraj g\u00f6l\u00fc ve sulama kanallar\u0131na serinlenmek \u00fczere giren insanlar\u0131n bo\u011fulma olaylar\u0131 ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr tesislere girilmemesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik sistemleri kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca her yaz denizde bo\u011fulma vakalar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Deniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ilgili belediyeler bo\u011fulmalara kar\u015f\u0131 bir g\u00fcvenlik sistemi olu\u015fturmal\u0131d\u0131r. Deniz k\u0131y\u0131 g\u00fcvenlikleri i\u00e7in bir k\u0131y\u0131 te\u015fkilat sistemi kurmak gerekir.<\/p>\n

Erzurum\u2019da bir \u00f6\u011fretmen k\u00f6yde derin olmayan yapay bir havuz yap\u0131p,\u00a0 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bu g\u00f6lde y\u00fczmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her belediye, \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle havuzlar kurup gen\u00e7lerin y\u00fczmeyi \u00f6\u011frenmesini ve serinlenmesini sa\u011flamas\u0131 \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 ve zor bir i\u015f olmasa gerek.<\/p>\n

20. Kurakl\u0131k<\/strong>:\u00a0\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla son 30 y\u0131lda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kurakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Meteoroloji Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc verilerine g\u00f6re,\u00a0 Akdeniz B\u00f6lgenin 2024 y\u0131l\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 604.9 milimetre (mm), normali (1991-2020 aras\u0131) 665.1 mm\u2019dir; 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise 663.5 mm\u2019dir. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flarda normale g\u00f6re (1991-2020), y\u00fczde 9.0, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re %8.8 azalma meydana geldi. Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi’nde en fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan il 766.0 mm ile Antalya, en az ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan il ise 478.4 mm ile Burdur oldu.<\/p>\n

2024 y\u0131l\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 1991-2020 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6lge genelinde y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar; Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi normal civar\u0131nda, Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde artma, di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde ise azalma \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. En fazla azalma g\u00f6steren b\u00f6lge %22.4 ile Ege B\u00f6lgesi olmu\u015ftur. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re ise b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgelerde azalma mevcuttur. Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesinde 2024 y\u0131l\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda %9 azalma meydana gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgelerinde, 1991-2020 aras\u0131nda baz\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikleri meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Bu iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi sonucu olarak \u00e7o\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar azalmakta ve s\u0131cakl\u0131klar artmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zellikle Ankara enleminin g\u00fcneyinde kalan yerlerde daha fazla etkilidir.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n azalmas\u0131, potansiyel su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n da azalmas\u0131na sebep olmaktad\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131 ile buharla\u015fmalar artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yine su kaynaklar\u0131 potansiyeli azalmaktad\u0131r. Genelde, s\u0131cakl\u0131klar artmakta ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar azalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar azalm\u0131\u015f, buharla\u015fma artm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan bir de yeralt\u0131ndan sulama ve di\u011fer ihtiya\u00e7lar i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 su \u00e7ekildi\u011finden su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n suyu azalm\u0131\u015f, yeralt\u0131 su seviyeleri d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, hatta baz\u0131 g\u00f6ller kurumu\u015ftur. Bu durum \u00fclkede su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ya\u015fanmas\u0131na sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n sonucu olarak yeterli ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 i\u00e7me suyu temin edilememekte, tar\u0131m arazileri sulanamamaktad\u0131r. Kurakl\u0131klar\u0131n artmas\u0131 k\u0131tl\u0131k ve arkas\u0131ndan a\u00e7l\u0131k getirir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki son 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k iklim de\u011fi\u015fikleri dikkate al\u0131narak gelecek 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7in her beldede iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve kurakl\u0131k analizi yap\u0131larak su ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 hesaplanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde her projenin g\u00fcvenlik katsay\u0131s\u0131 en az 2 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

SONU\u00c7<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, her y\u0131l \u00e7e\u015fitli felaketler meydana gelmekte ve bunlar\u0131n sonucunda \u00f6nemli miktarlarda mal kay\u0131plar\u0131 ve pek \u00e7ok can kayb\u0131 ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Felaketler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nceden planlay\u0131p basiretli davranarak gerekli tedbirleri alm\u0131yor veya alam\u0131yoruz. Fakat felaketler meydana geldikten sonra a\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi biliyoruz. H\u00e2lbuki T\u00fcrkiye, insan kayna\u011f\u0131, bilgi, tecr\u00fcbe, mali imk\u00e2n ve teknolojik altyap\u0131 olarak bu felaketleri \u00f6nleme veya en az\u0131ndan azaltma imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Herkesin felaket ve kazalara kar\u015f\u0131 kendisinin, \u00a0yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ve b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n mal\u0131n\u0131 ve can\u0131n\u0131 koruma sorumlulu\u011fu vard\u0131r. Bu sorumlulu\u011fu \u00f6nemsemeli ve ciddiye almal\u0131y\u0131z. Bunun i\u00e7in basiretli davran\u0131p ileriyi g\u00f6rebilmeli ve kendi imk\u00e2nlar\u0131m\u0131zla gerekli tedbirleri almal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Bakanl\u0131klar, valilikler, kaymakaml\u0131klar, belediyeler ve di\u011fer kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n birinci \u00f6ncelikli g\u00f6revi, hizmet kapsam\u0131ndaki vatanda\u015f\u0131n mal ve \u00f6zellikle can g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Bu noktada akl\u0131ma bir hik\u00e2ye geldi, onu yazay\u0131m. 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ba\u015fbakan Hasan Saka ve Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Faik Ahmet Barut\u00e7u, Se\u00e7im b\u00f6lgeleri olan Trabzon\u2019da, Ak\u00e7aabat il\u00e7esinde k\u00f6ylerde, atlarla se\u00e7im gezisine \u00e7\u0131karlar. Yol kenar\u0131nda tarlas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir vatanda\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, yan\u0131ndaki elemana o vatanda\u015f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 isterler. Vatanda\u015f bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131na gelince ona sorarlar. -\u201c Bu devlet erk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131yor musunuz?\u201d Hay\u0131r, der vatanda\u015f. Hemen tan\u0131t\u0131rlar. \u201cBak, bu Ba\u015fbakan Hasan Saka, \u015fu ise onun yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Faik Ahmet Barut\u00e7u\u2019dur.\u201d \u00a0Vatanda\u015f\u0131n cevab\u0131: \u2013 \u201cAnladuk, ama ne i\u015f yaparlar\u201d.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Eski\u015fehir\u2019de, 22 Temmuz\u2019da ba\u015flayan\u00a0orman yang\u0131n\u0131nda, s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131lan 10 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti (\u015eekil-1). Bu yang\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de meydana gelen felaketlerin bir de\u011ferlendirilmesini yapmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini bize d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u00fc. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de pek \u00e7ok felaket, \u00f6nemli mal kay\u0131plar\u0131na ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan kayb\u0131na sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Bu felaketler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye olarak basiretli davran\u0131p gerekli tedbirleri al\u0131yor muyuz? Meydana gelen felaketlere kar\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4789,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4788","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-caykara"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4788","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4788"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4788\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zeleka.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}